Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar o escopo metodológico para a elaboração da componente de Impactos, Vulnerabilidade e Adaptação (IVA) à mudança do clima, integrante da Quarta Comunicação Nacional (4CN) do Brasil à Convenção do Clima. A opção metodológica adotada contempla a aplicação da abordagem integrada Nexus+ com base em estudos de impactos e vulnerabilidades para as seguranças hídricas, energética, alimentar e socioambiental, nos territórios dos biomas brasileiros, zonas costeiras e cidades. Para cada uma das seguranças, houve identificação dos impactos observados; análise dos fatores condicionantes de risco; definição e avaliação dos impactos-chave; análise integrada dos impactos em uma base territorial; levantamento, seleção e análise de opções de adaptação à luz da abordagem Nexus+, com identificação de sinergias e trade-offs. O processo adotado possibilitou um olhar integrado entre os fatores condicionantes de risco, os impactos e as interfaces entre as opções de adaptação propostas.

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar o escopo metodológico para a elaboração da componente de Impactos, Vulnerabilidade e Adaptação (IVA) à mudança do clima, integrante da Quarta Comunicação Nacional (4CN) do Brasil à Convenção do Clima. A opção metodológica adotada contempla a aplicação da abordagem integrada Nexus+ com base em estudos de impactos e vulnerabilidades para as seguranças hídricas, energética, alimentar e socioambiental, nos territórios dos biomas brasileiros, zonas costeiras e cidades. Para cada uma das seguranças, houve identificação dos impactos observados; análise dos fatores condicionantes de risco; definição e avaliação dos impactos-chave; análise integrada dos impactos em uma base territorial; levantamento, seleção e análise de opções de adaptação à luz da abordagem Nexus+, com identificação de sinergias e trade-offs. O processo adotado possibilitou um olhar integrado entre os fatores condicionantes de risco, os impactos e as interfaces entre as opções de adaptação propostas.

The nitrogen is a macronutrient essential for the functioning of the metabolism of living beings. However, due to the changes that the planet has been passing in the Anthropocene, the nitrogen cycling has been altered. Deforestation combined with changes in land use are primarily responsible for the change in their cycling. Emissions of greenhouse gases such as N2O were increased due to this deforestation and inadequate soil management practices, and this contributed to the fact that these changes in nitrogen cycling occurred. Considering the importance of nitrogen and the changes that it has undergone in the last decades, this work of revision aims to describe the role of nitrogen and the changes in its cycling due to the processes of land use change that occurred in the Anthropocene in forest areas tropical and eucalyptus plantations in Brazil.

Brazil has always maintained a prominent position in negotiations within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, playing a major role in setting increasingly ambitious goals and encouraging consensus among Parties. With the purpose of reducing GHG emissions from the agricultural sector and disseminating and financing good agricultural practices, Brazil developed a platform of sustainable technologies and public policies, as the Low Carbon Agriculture Plan (the “ABC Plan”). This article reviews the main milestones of Brazil’s role in the international negotiation on climate change, how these factors affected the Brazilian agricultural sector between 2009 and 2018 and the authors’ personal view on this context. The objective is to provide an overview of Brazil’s actions regarding the agricultural sector which contribute to the voluntary commitment assumed by the Brazilian government at COPs 15 and 21 and to provide a critical analysis of how these actions are being implemented. The main results show that low carbon agriculture has been consolidated as the main Brazilian strategy for sustainable rural development, but it is vital for our country to continue with these actions.

Abstract: Nitrogen is the most abundant element of the atmosphere, being present in the constitution of several atmospheric gases, among them nitrous oxide (N2O). The N2O is one of the most powerful greenhouse gases, due to its high potential for global warming. In Brazil, the sector that emits more N2O to the atmosphere is Agriculture, due to the high amounts of nitrogen fertilizers applied in the field. However, the country has an advanced public policy of adopting agricultural technologies that contribute to the reduction of this problem. The present review aims to show the dynamics of Nitrogen in agricultural and forest systems, the role of Nitrogen in the economy and present the main mitigation strategies in greenhouse gas emissions in agriculture.

ABSTRACT – This study aimed to evaluate the frequency and intensity of GreenFeed (GF) use by Nellore steers using different attractants in pastures of integrated systems. The attractant protein supplement and Tifton bermudagrass pelleted hay flavored with vanilla were evaluated over a period of 15 days. The pelleted hay stimulated the animals to stay longer in the equipment (24.23 s), with 8% more visits in intervals longer than 30 s in contrast to protein supplement. This indicates that pelleted hay flavored with vanilla is a potential attractant to encourage Nellore steers to visit GF in grazing systems.

The increase of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere raises the average temperature of the planet, triggering problems that threaten the survival of humans. Protecting the global climate from the effects of climate change is an essential condition for sustaining life. For this reason, governments, scientists, and society are joining forces to propose better solutions that could well-rounded environmentally, social and economic development relationships. International climate change negotiations involve many countries in establishing strategies to mitigate the problem. Therefore, understanding international negotiation processes and how ratified agreements impact a country is of fundamental importance. The purpose of this paper is to systematize information about how climate negotiations have progressed, detailing key moments and results, analyzing the role that Brazil played in the course of these negotiations and the country’s future perspectives.

Several studies indicate that the use of integrated production systems, such as integrated crop-livestock-forest systems (ICLF), improves the quality of the soil and consequently the sequestration of organic carbon in the soil. In this way, this work aims to evaluate the carbon stocks in soil under different management systems in the Cerrado/Amazonia transition zone, namely: ICLF, no-tillage, pasture and eucalyptus plantation. For this, two soil sam- plings were done in 2011 and 2014, in the 0 – 5, 5 – 10 and 10 – 30 cm layers. Soil carbon and nitrogen stocks were analyzed. ICLF system was the treatment that obtained the highest percentage of carbon gain (7.8%) after three years of establishment which represents to an increase of 5.5 Mg·ha−1. Management systems, such as ICLF, with minimal soil disturbance combined with crop ro- tations that contribute to the quantity and quality of residues input, increase soil organic matter content. Carbon stock data show the potential of ICLF systems to increase soil carbon stocks.